Construction and perfection of international logistics industry

I. International logistics industry and supply chain


The complexity of international logistics is directly affected by the way enterprises enter the international market. The direct export mode, contract manufacturing mode and global operation mode are the necessary conditions for determining international logistics. International operation represents the most complex model of international logistics, because it involves enterprises in resources, production planning, coordination, export, local distribution, distribution and other complex business activities. On the basis of international operation, international logistics can be divided into different levels according to management and operation, and each level represents different types of international logistics.

Level 1: simple market transaction type international logistics. Due to lack of experience or other reasons, enterprises entrust international sales of goods to professional international trade or international business companies, which are responsible for order processing, documentation and transportation arrangements, inventory and marketing arrangements, settlement and after-sales service in the international market. The foreign trade system before China's reform and opening up is a typical example of this kind of primary level.



Level 2: export-oriented international logistics. Business development professionals coordinate procedures such as domestic shipping and export documentation, but international shipping of products, marketing management to the destination, inventory management, invoicing and after-sales services are still provided by local agents or distributors. Enterprises can increase profits by increasing the domestic links of export, but the risks still exist after the export of products, because the logistics process of domestic marketing and international marketing may not be coordinated and combined organically, and enterprises are not sensitive to the international market.

Level 3: Local market exists. The direct extension of marketing, inventory, distribution and after-sales services to the international market is often referred to as "local market presence". The way local markets work is that the parent company in the country often sends in management and staff rather than hiring locals. The successful operation of the local market depends mainly on whether the policies of the parent company and the management of the local company are consistent with the requirements of the local market. Since local managers are appointed, local markets operate with a distinctly national flavour. Compared with the international operations of the first two levels, the local market presence improves the control ability and sensitivity to market reaction, but it is more dependent on the domestic operation.


Level 4: Local market operation. This level allows domestic companies to tap deeper into international markets, operate directly locally and use local talent in combination. This international logistics operation mode integrates domestic marketing, distribution and supply chain management with international marketing and supply chain management. Although supply chain management and marketing ideas and technology are mostly from the parent company, with the increase of local staff, the exporting country and local ideas will gradually merge, but the local ideas will still dominate.



Level 5: non-national international logistics. Non-country operations carry out logistics operations on a global scale, establishing regional headquarters and coordinating local logistics and supply chain systems outside the country of origin. In this sense, enterprises are non-national. There is no logistics headquarters and logistics operation mechanism in any one country that controls all the operations in other countries. It is the combination of logistics systems of different nationalities that controls all the logistics systems distributed in different countries.

Second, our country modern international logistics industry malpractice



1 highway freight industry in trouble 2 railway transport industry growth



The rail industry has received a relative boost as the cost of road transport has soared amid rising fuel prices, which have affected trucking far more than rail. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, China's railway transportation increased by 66%.